What is Cryptography?

As we know that IT infrastructure is considered as rapid growth with high rate of vulnerability, so that applications and programs that run over telecommunication and IT infrastructure are vulnerable too. Internet is the network of networks on which web applications are run. This is the most vulnerable technology and requires to be ensured with high level of privacy and security of data and information that channelized over web sites through internet and web applications architecture. Security is one of the critical parts of soft-wares and web applications. By definition, web applications are the medium that allow users to build connection and access over web servers to use the services in virtual environment. While soft-wares are of different kinds which enable the users to interact with the hardware. Services might be data retrieval or data transformation through database servers. Web servers or web applications providers are required to secure their services by understanding and implementing appropriate security measures to protect their own sources as well as to ensure that their services and applications are secure for users. All such procedure requires to secure the data and information. There are several techniques to secure the data and information. However, in digital world Cryptography is used widely. This is the technique of storing and transmitting data in a form that only those persons would be able to read or access the data for whom it is intended. Cryptography is a technique which is successfully implemented and used in military especially in Second World War This is the technique in which plain text or message is converted into specific pattern or in cipher text before transmitting over general public media or over internet through world wide web. Cipher text is formatted as unreadable or unidentifiable data or message which is only readable by those who possesses the secret key to decipher or decrypt the message. There are very strong mathematical and hash functions with complex algorithms that are applied on a message, data or information to convert into a cipher or encrypted text.